Recent progress and future prospects of perovskite tandem solar cells

Organic–inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells represent the fastest advancing cell technology in terms of energy conversion efficiency improvement, as seen last decade. This has become a promising for next-generation, low-cost, high-efficiency photovoltaics including multi-junction tandem concepts. Double-junction have much higher limits 45%, beyond Shockley–Queisser single-junction cell. In this review, recent progress with is highlighted, particular, 2-terminal perovskite–Si, perovskite–CIGS [where CIGS = Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2], perovskite–organic photovoltaic, perovskite–perovskite, and 3-junction-perovskite tandems. The opportunity challenges two-terminal monolithic tandems are discussed roadmap strategies further improving their efficiencies.